After a long winter of waiting to get back in the garden, self discipline can be a challenge. However, careful consideration before preparing the soil for seed and/or plant introduction is essential. Wet soils should not be worked too early. Doing so is detrimental to the condition of the soil, which leads to poor plant growth and reduced yields.

Ideal soils are loose and easy to work, providing the proper environment for plants to take in essential nutrients. Soils that are heavy in sand or clay do not provide the optimum growing conditions and can be improved with the addition of organic matter. More information on this topic is provided under Fertilization.

Once the soil is ready, tillage can begin. Experienced gardeners recommend making two passes with the tiller in a new garden site, being careful not to overwork the soil. The first pass should be shallow enough to break the top layer loose. The second pass should be deeper to mix the layers, aerate and warm the soils.